Helen Stratford

To securely retaining walls were not "falling out" is not distorted, do not exhibit cracks, it is important to observe construction methods, and to organize drainage. wall of stone and concrete set in concrete foundation of 20-50 cm thick (the higher the wall, and more friable soil, the thicker must be the foundation). On clay soils foundation arrange for 20-30-cm layer of gravel or coarse gravel. If near a wall will be lawns, stands at his side to push the foundation base – stone or railroad ties. This will facilitate the process of mowing the grass and trim will be fairly easy tsolkolya. In clay soils over rock or wooden wall to perform drainage layer with a thickness of 15-30 cm of coarse gravel or crushed stone.

Such drainage should be to arrange in the case of loose soils, although this is not necessarily so. The walls of stone and concrete at the bottom drainage layer (passing along the wall) should be left to drain pipes to drain water (water intake or well to the outside wall). At a height of 15 cm above ground level can be derived through the wall drain pipe. Instead, during a masonry wall can be left in the drainage holes. Low wall can be installed vertically. The walls of greater than 80 cm should have a slope of 10-15% in the direction of the slope. At the same time it is necessary that all the walls, posted by the dry method, regardless of their height, were inclined towards the slope. In the long stone and concrete walls every 10 m to make expansion joints 1-3 cm wide, and the need to use the correct adhesive for tiles.

Butt stone or wooden walls should be slightly above the surface of the earth. This will prevent the overflow of water through the wall and the destruction of the slope of the falling water on it. The thickness of the stone wall should be more than a fifth of its height, but not less than 30 cm pack As the stones? Construction begins on the angles, which determine the largest stones. At the bottom of the wall placed large stones. stack them flat (stones each next row to be put on one another the greatest planes) with a slight bias toward the slope. The gap between the rows of stones filled the land (if drywall) or saline (for stone walls, mounted on solution) and small stones, if you are using a modular formwork. should be followed closely so that the vertical joints between the stones do not match in more than two rows.

Mars is both the red planet and the god of war. The U.S. is obsessed with both. They want to be the power to lead the exploration into that world and have led the three major international wars in the last decade has been in this world. The two parties a Americans supported these military interventions. Clinton Democrats faced with Serbia and then seconded to the Republicans to invade Afghanistan and Iraq. The difference is that McCain wants to accentuate the hardness, raises able to stay in Iraq for a century and looks to attack Iran.

Obama, by contrast, postulates withdraw from Iraq and to exhaust all diplomatic channels to deal with Iran or Venezuela. Although Obama seems to want to have a foreign policy less influenced by the martial arts, he promises to send more troops to Afghanistan to bomb Pakistan, but his government does not approve, he says that the hunt for Bin Laden justifies unilateralism. a The arrival of a new black president and Moslem roots may initially attract expectations within a billion Muslims, but still refuse to negotiate part of Jerusalem with the Arabs and especially venture in Pakistan, can make the god of war is still dominating the U.S. and Islamic nationalists. Isaac Bigio is an international analyst.

Write to dozens of media outlets in five continents. He obtained postgraduate degrees in History and Economic Policy at the London School of Economics & Political Sciences. The decision, considered the leading international university specializing in social sciences, he has also taught political science and public administration. ALTOPILAR. COM / ISAACBIGIO.

Strength of fixation of lint can also be checked by measuring the force required to pull loop. These aspects of strength play an important role in choosing the right carpet for the appropriate scope (intense exposure, average exposure, etc.). Tufted carpeting is always regardless of the type of secondary basis. Secondary basis after applying pinning layer is applied a secondary basis – visible from the inside layer, which will be in direct contact with the floor. Secondary basis a textile fiber or foam latex. It gives the carpet more quality – resistance to shrinkage, elasticity, durability, sound and heat insulation, resistance slip. The following types of secondary basis: natural jute, jute, synthetic, latex, felt, thread and some other basis. Natural Jute – an environmentally friendly material that is used for temporary laying the floor.

Has several disadvantages. With prolonged use of jute fibers are abrasion and destruction of the primer. When moisture in natural jute it first, shrink, which leads to changes in linear dimensions of carpet (on the surface appear * waves * and folds), and secondly, probably rot mold, the expansion of threads (which eventually again lead to the destruction of primer and respectively, the weakening of pinning threads). Artificial jute is usually made of polypropylene and rarely mixed synthetic fibers. Its advantage compared with natural jute is humidity. When moisture no change occurs, the material does not shrink, which allows carpet to maintain its size. No abrasions, no degradable, etc. However, be aware that at very frequent cleaning wet vacuum can mold and peeling of jute from the base coating, and therefore must be fully dried coating before the next harvest, or apply dry cleaning powerful vacuum cleaner.